MySQL 如何从表中取出随机数据 以前在群里讨论过这个问题,比较的有意思.mysql的语法真好玩.
他们原来都想用PHP的实现随机,但取出多条好像要进行两次以上查询.文章源自很文博客https://www.hinvn.com/很文博客-https://www.hinvn.com/61143.html
翻了手册,找到了下面这个语句,可以完成任务了,但效率较低文章源自很文博客https://www.hinvn.com/很文博客-https://www.hinvn.com/61143.html
SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY rand() LIMIT 5;文章源自很文博客https://www.hinvn.com/很文博客-https://www.hinvn.com/61143.html
rand在手册里是这么说的:文章源自很文博客https://www.hinvn.com/很文博客-https://www.hinvn.com/61143.html
RAND()文章源自很文博客https://www.hinvn.com/很文博客-https://www.hinvn.com/61143.html
RAND(N)文章源自很文博客https://www.hinvn.com/很文博客-https://www.hinvn.com/61143.html
返回在范围0到1.0内的随机浮点值。如果一个整数参数N被指定,它被用作种子值。
mysql> select RAND();
-> 0.5925
mysql> select RAND(20);
-> 0.1811
mysql> select RAND(20);
-> 0.1811
mysql> select RAND();
-> 0.2079
mysql> select RAND();
-> 0.7888文章源自很文博客https://www.hinvn.com/很文博客-https://www.hinvn.com/61143.html
你不能在一个ORDER BY子句用RAND()值使用列,因为ORDER BY将重复计算列多次。然而在MySQL3.23中,你可以做: SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY RAND(),这是有利于得到一个来自SELECT * FROM table1,table2 WHERE a=b AND c<d ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1000的集合的随机样本。注意在一个WHERE子句里的一个RAND()将在每次WHERE被执行时重新评估。
但我试了一下,8千条记录的表,执行一次需要0.08 sec,.慢了些
后来请教了google,得到如下代码
- SELECT *
- FROM table_name AS r1 JOIN
- (SELECT ROUND(RAND() *
- (SELECT MAX(id)
- FROM table_name)) AS id)
- AS r2
- WHERE r1.id >= r2.id
- ORDER BY r1.id ASC
- LIMIT 5;
执行效率需要0.02 sec.可惜的是,只有mysql 4.1.*以上才支持这样的子查询.
下面是其它网友的补充:
select id from zhyx_items order by rand() 这样效率太低了
优化sql语句之后:
- SELECT t1.id
- FROM zhyx_items AS t1 JOIN
- (SELECT ROUND(RAND() *
- ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM zhyx_items)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM zhyx_items))+
- (SELECT MIN(id) FROM zhyx_items)) AS id) AS t2
- WHERE t1.id >= t2.id
- ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 0,5;
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